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Nov 17, 2010 ecommerce2 | Uncategorized

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Dhs Publishes Best Display Specifications – Flammable Chemical compounds

Aug 6, 2010 ecommerce2 | Uncategorized

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Experts engineer an orally Productive conotoxin

Aug 5, 2010 ecommerce2 | Uncategorized

Sea snails are not regarded for their speed. So to snare a food of agile fish, marine cone snails have evolved an arsenal of substance weapons. The mollusks use a deadly dose of conotoxins-peptide poisons that disrupt myriad biological functions-that they inject into passing prey with hypodermic-needle-like teeth that shoot from their mouths like harpoons.

Within the conotoxin brew are many different peptides that relieve tough-to-treat neuropathic discomfort just jointly with morphine does but without any its addictive properties. even although researchers have attempted to turn this sort of compounds into discomfort relievers, they’ve been hamstrung with problems administering this sort of drugs. The discomfort reliever Prialt, for example, is mainly a artificial edition of ω-conotoxin MVIIA, however it should be injected straight to the spinal cord acquiring a surgically implanted pump.

Now, researchers in Australia have managed to engineer a conotoxin that could possibly be used orally. Researchers led by David J. Craik using the Institute for Molecular Bioscience in the college of Queensland found out that by linking the N-terminus of α-conotoxin Vc1.1-a compound derived from Conus victoriae-to its C-terminus, they could make the 16-residue peptide orally productive (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., DOI: 10.1002/anie.201000620).

In the cyclized peptide, which could be regarded as α-conotoxin cVc1.1, the protein’s mind and tail are tethered with a string of 6 amino acids-two alanines flanked on every solo facet by two glycines. Craik says he chose the linker offered that it experienced been inexpensive, wouldn’t include any features for that molecule, and will be fast to characterize with nuclear magnetic resonance. In lab tests with rats, the cyclized peptide proved getting as potent a painkiller as gabapentin, probably the most favored treatments for neuropathic pain, even although the conotoxin-based peptide was administered at a dose that is much lower than 1% using the dose usually offered for gabapentin.

“For many years individuals are actually saying that peptides make wonderful treatments prospects offered that they are quite potent,” Craik explains. “The problems could possibly be the simple fact that they are typically regarded as bad prescriptions offered that they are not stable and they are not orally available, so the pharmaceutical marketplace has type of shied apart from peptides within your past.”

There are, in fact, quite handful of peptide prescriptions that could possibly be used orally. The immunosuppressant cyclosporine, a cyclic peptide designed of 11 amino acids, is just one example, however it is relatively small in comparison with most potential necessary protein therapeutics.

Craik’s team has confirmed that cyclizing bigger peptides will make them orally available. “All you need is for that ends getting roughly near to some solo another,” he says. His team’s evaluation using the necessary protein databases exhibits that as very much as 25% of all proteins have their ends within of 10 Å of the solo another-a range that could swiftly be spanned with linkers of 6 to 10 amino acids.

Tying the ends of the necessary protein jointly will make the molecule resistant to exopeptidase enzymes that chomp apart at peptide termini. But Craik says the cyclization also enhances hydrogen bonding throughout the whole molecule, producing it resistant for that endopeptidases that assault a protein’s inside amino acids. He says it is sort of like a zipper: “A zipper could possibly be regarded like a sequence of hydrogen bonds all interlocking together, and after you zip it all up, you have obtained a wonderful set up of coordinated hydrogen bonds. But you have nevertheless obtained two ends, and after you pull apart people two ends using the zipper, then the very first hydrogen relationship goes, then the next, after which the next.”

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So if you actually could padlock the ends, you’d end the protein’s ability to unzip. “It’s a crude analogy but I think it does take advantage of to proteins,” Craik continues. “If you can run out especially where the weak place is, and lock it somehow to make certain that it cannot unravel, then it synergistically facilitates the sleep using the molecule getting additional stable. And that, in turn, raises hydrogen-bonding power and will make the molecule much less susceptible to proteolysis.” Disulfide bonds within of the peptide also provide stabilization.

Cyclization is not the only method to lock along a peptide and enhance its stability. Some chemists have also used substance braces to web page link amino acid facet chains jointly (C&EN, June 2, 2008, web site 18), and other people have used salt bridges in between ionic residues or coordination to metal ions. Cyclization, however, is conceptually and synthetically very much simpler-just lash the mind for that tail.

“Nature found out this idea of cyclization lengthy earlier to we did,” Craik factors out. just one example, the cyclic peptide kalata B1, was found out within your 1970s by Lorents Gran, a Norwegian doctor who was working within your Congo area of Africa. Gran observed the fact that neighborhood girls drank a specific tea once they experienced been going to provide delivery and also this seemed to shorten their time in labor. He identified the necessary protein through the native plant accustomed to create the tea that was accountable for that uterotonic effects.

Kalata B1′s structure, however, remained a secret right up until the 1990s, when Craik grew to be mindful of Gran’s work. “I thought, well, if this peptide could possibly be boiled after which orally ingested and nevertheless have uterotonic effects, it should have an fascinating structure,” he recalls. “Most peptides would break along after you boil them and definitely wouldn’t be orally available.” He found out the fact that 29-amino-acid peptide possessed a head-to-tail cyclic backbone acquiring a knotted arrangement of disulfide bonds.

Since then, Craik has found out many different other good examples of cyclic peptides, which he calls cyclotides (C&EN, April 19, 2004, web site 40). He’s hoping to take advantage of the structural capabilities to information the engineering of other peptides, as he do with α-conotoxin cVc1.1.

Craik’s cyclized conotoxin “is a prime demonstration of how peptide bioengineering can enhance bioavailability,” comments Jon-Paul Bingham, a professor of molecular biosciences and bioengineering in the college of Hawaii, Manoa, noting that an orally productive treatments using the painkilling energy of Prialt “would definitely revolutionize how we control continual and terminal pain.”

At the moment, Craik is wanting to raise resources so adequate preliminary experiments could possibly be finished to document an Investigational New treatments Application. “The most challenging element goes on to be just raising the bucks to acquire it commercialized,” he says. “Pharmaceutical companies are usually merely a little anxious about peptides. We need additional achievement tales to make certain that they’ll see peptides not just as wonderful prospects but in inclusion as potential drugs.”

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Dispersants Don’t Improve Toxicity Of Essential oil

Aug 4, 2010 ecommerce2 | Uncategorized

Mixtures of crude Essential oil and the dispersant Chemical compounds Applied to Bust up Essential oil slicks Seem to be no Much more toxic to Delicate marine
Existence than the Essential oil By itself, the Environmental Safety Organization announced on Aug. 2, at a Media briefing.

Final 30 days, EPA Introduced Final results comparing the toxicities of eight Industrial dispersants, which showed them to be
similarly toxic, Though NevertheMuch less Much less toxic than Essential oil By itself (C&EN Newest Information, July 8).

This new Examine, Stated Paul Anastas, assistant administrator for EPA’s Business office of Study & Advancement Exhibits that these
Exact eight dispersants, when mixed with sweet crude Essential oil, are Similarly toxic to mysid shrimp and silver fish as the crude Essential oil
al1.

Given that the April 20 explosion of BP’s Deepwater Horizon Essential oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico, millions of gallons of Essential oil have poured into
the sea, Creating the incident 1 of the Biggest Essential oil spill Devastations in Background. BP dumped millions of gallons of the dispersant
Corexit onto the Essential oil slicks that Established on the ocean Surface Spot.

Although the Corporation has capped the leaking Nicely and ceased Making use of dispersants for the time Getting, Experts are
aggressively pursuing Reviews that will characterize the Devastation’s Outcomes on the Surroundings.

Worries about the toxicity of dispersants prompted the EPA Reviews.

Yet, these Final results are “Extremely premature,” says Ronald J. Kendall, chair of the Division of Environmental Toxicology
at Texas Tech College, Lubbock. “We’ve Obtained a Few of organisms Examined Below favorable Problems,” he says. Creatures
that Reside in the Chilly, Dim, Higher-Mediaure Surroundings Hundreds of Ft Beneath the sea, Exactly where Big quantities of Essential oil NevertheMuch less
reside, May possibly respond Very In different ways to the contaminants, he adds.

Samantha Joye, marine sciences professor at the College of Georgia, Athens, concurs. “Conclusions like this Require to be
Centered on thorough Screening Versus Numerous species, and the findings Ought to be verified independently by Numerous labs,” she
says.

Kendall is slated to testify Prior to the Senate Committee on Environment & Community Functions on dispersant use in the Gulf of
Mexico on Aug. 4.

“We will Carry on to Check the Spot to Belowstand Lengthy-Phrase Outcomes,” Anastas Stated at Monday’s Media conference. “We
have Used Practically nothing for granted.”

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Estrogen Throws Chilly Drinking water On Fish Courtship

Aug 4, 2010 ecommerce2 | Uncategorized

More than the Final 10 Many years, Reviews of feminized wildExistence have fueled chilling headlines. Most of these Reviews have Targeted on
the Various Methods that estrogen in sewage effluent can distort Usual male Progress. Now a new Analyze reveals 1 way
that the horm1 pollutant can Have an effect on females: As well A great deal estrogen Brings about subtle Modifications in female fish’s courting
Conduct, which could alter a Populace’s genetic Cosmetics (Environ. Sci. Technol., DOI: 10.1021/es101185b).

Organic and Artificial estrogens Come across their Methods into fish habitats by way of Delivery Handle Tablets or horm1 Substitution
Treatment. Right after Girls’s bodies expel the Medicines, the Potent horm1s get flushed into sewage Methods, In which they
Ultimately discharge with Therapy Facilities’ effluent.

When this wastewater flows into streams and ponds, the horm1 can Lead to Difficulty for fish, says ecotoxicologist Charles
Tyler of the College of Exeter in the U.K. Prior Research have examined the most-apparent impacts of estrogen on
males, This kind of as feminization of testes or Decreased Quantity of offspring. But Couple of Research have looked at how the horm1
Might disrupt female fish reproduction, Particularly how a Brief Coverage Even though an animal develops can Have an effect on their Conduct in
Grownuphood.

So Tyler and colleagues Started out by Shortly exposing zebra fish at Earlier Existence Phases to ethinylestradiol, a Artificial estrogen
Discovered in Delivery Handle Tablets, at Ranges measured in the Natural environment. The Analysisers then watched for telltale Indications of
endocrine disruption, This kind of as Modifications in gonad morphology and Ranges of reproductive horm1s. They Discovered n1 of
these Common Modifications in Possibly Sexual intimacies. Also Grownup male fish that Experienced Obtained the Short estrogen dose Experienced the Identical
reproductive Accomplishment as unSubjected males.

But when the female fish reached Grownuphood, the Analysisers Discovered that estrogen-Subjected females aband1d their
Usual courting Conducts This kind of as swimming aLengthyside or chasing a suitor, Even though unSubjected fish acted Usually. “If a
female doesn’t give the Ideal signal to a courting male, he won’t respond,” Tyler Points out.

BeLead to dominant males in the breeding colonies took the hint and swam Aside, estrogen-Subjected female fish Experienced Couple ofer
offspring with Best males when In comparison to unSubjected females. Rather the Have an effect oned fish bred Additional with Much less Crucial males.
More than the Lengthy Operate, genes from these Much less-dominant males could Grow to be Additional Typical in an estrogen-Subjected Populace,
which could alter the Populace’s Capability to adapt to Altering Natural environmental Problems, Tyler says.

The Analyze “enlarges the scope of Consequences that we Require to be Conscious of when Analyzeing endocrine disruption,” says David
Marcogliese, a Analysis scientist at Environment North america, the Country’s Natural environmental Company. Reproductive biologist Glenn
VanDerKraak of the College of Guelph in North america agrees: “People today Might be Searching at subtle Consequences of estrogen on
Conduct, and they Might be Analyzeing Consequences on females.”

BeLead to the Outcomes Display that Short estrogen Coverages Earlier in Existence can have Lengthy-Phrase Populace Consequences, Tyler Believes
that policymakers Might Contemplate regulating estrogen Launch by sewage Facilities: “There is now a Fat of Proof about
Natural environmental estrogens and Broad Sufficient concern to Believe about regulating Launchs.

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Rain to stay in northern Corn Belt

Jul 26, 2010 ecommerce2 | Uncategorized

Thoughts introduced on this record yesterday the fact that heaviest near-term rains with the Midwest can be shifting additional north than exactly where they experienced been so much this 7 days has verified correct, as earlier morning radar on this Thursday showed widespread rainfall largely north of Interstate 80 in Nebraska and Iowa. several of this rainfall may be heavy, with radar estimating that some localized rains in northwestern Iowa, northeastern Nebraska, and southeastern South Dakota have exceeded 3 inches. I can verify specific rainfall totals (through five AM middle Time) of 2.32″ at Spencer, 2.42″ at Sioux City, 2.85″ at Sioux Falls, 3.14 at Fort Dodge, and 3.75″ at Yankton (with rainfall nonetheless dropping at several of those sodium dichloroisocyanurate Manufacturers locations in the time of the writing). numerous counties in northwestern Iowa and northeastern Nebraska had been below flash-flood warnings earlier today. Rains should really carry on to possess a northerly bias with the Midwest with the near-term, no subject whether it be through the rains connected using a cozy top nowadays or rains connected using a awesome top relocating via past due tomorrow and throughout the earlier weekend. very much of Minnesota, northeastern Iowa, much northern Illinois, and the majority of Michigan and Wisconsin will in all likelihood see an additional 1-2 inches of rainfall from earlier nowadays via a portion of Saturday, with heavier 2-4+ inch quantities for eastern Minnesota, severe northeastern Iowa, and western Wisconsin. South and west of there we will see some 0.50-1.00″ amounts, with lighter and additional spotty rains south of Interstate 70. locations south on the cozy top more than the up coming two times (which would consist of all but much northern components on the Corn Belt) will in all likelihood be warm and steamy for nowadays and tomorrow with temperatures with the 90s and dew stage readings with the upper 70s to close to 80 (creating heat index values close to 110); heat advisories have been completely posted for southern Iowa and factors southward. The center of up coming 7 days will most likely function an additional few times with heat and humidity, but there is no indication that rainfall probabilities will end (with rainfall with the 6-10 evening time frame with the Midwest searching ordinary if not above normal).

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The campaign for ethanol

Jul 13, 2010 ecommerce2 | Uncategorized

Retired General Wesley Clark’s presidential candidate in Iowa as a Democrat in 2004. On Thursday, he was back in the campaign for government support for ethanol in Congress, with the Iowa Secretary of Agriculture Bill Northey, a Republican, and Bruce Rastetter, CEO of Hawkeye Energy Holdings, LLC.

In the office of the Ames Hawkeye Energy Holdings, which said three leaders, they hope that if that is Congress back to work next week, he will remember the needs of the ethanol industry, if a law on energy in response to an oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico.

“In Iowa, we have a lot at stake in the coming months,” said Northey, who is also a farmer from Spirit Lake, Iowa.

At the end of the year the tax credit is 45 cents per gallon for ethanol. The Congress has not renewed a tax credit related $ 1-gallon biodiesel, which expired in 2009, leading to layoffs and a virtual closure of the renewable energy industry. Donors of ethanol will fight to ensure that not happen at its largest in the industry, much of the biofuels industry. And they defend a tariff on imported ethanol, which is running again this year. And the EPA promised to decide by the end of this year if a larger mixture of 15% ethanol allowed in gasoline.

Clark, the co-chairman of the energy growth, a trade group of ethanol, has asked the Congress to support what he calls “the great revolution of the 21st century, the biofuel revolution.”

In a time when the economy is still struggling to create new jobs, ethanol can do, “said Clark.

“These are jobs that can never be outsourced. Why do not we want to do, and do it quickly,” said Clark.

Exactly what kind of legislation could be used to extend the tax credit for ethanol is not yet known. A bill introduced by the CAP and Trade has the Senate, the senators John Kerry (D-MA) and Joe Lieberman (I-CT) is considered a long shot politically risky in an election year. But Senator Richard Lugar (R-IN) and Energy and Natural Resources Committee Chairman Jeff Bingaman (D-NM) both have bills that are amended to could include energy Wish List introduced to the ethanol industry, which is also tax relief for Blender Pumps that can provide various levels of ethanol in gasoline.

Press conference on Thursday intensified support for ethanol in the Congress was organized by the rise in energy.

Last week, claimed three other groups of the ethanol industry in the Senate majority leader, Harry Reid (D-NV), which in the development of energy-ethanol legislation. In a letter to Reid, the Renewable Fuels Association, said the American Coalition for Ethanol, National Corn Growers Association, they hope that the energy package not only the oil spill in the Gulf region, but would be encouraged to include legislation that flex-fuel Blender pumps and vehicles, and expand tax incentives for ethanol and the tariff on imported ethanol.

want Brian Jennings, executive vice president of the American Coalition for Ethanol, said on Thursday that his group Agriculture.com extended the ethanol tax credit for five years. In the Senate, Chuck Grassley introduced (R-IA) and Kent Conrad (D-ND), a bill that would do that. In the House Representative Earl Pomeroy are (D-ND) and John Shimkus (R-IL) sponsoring a similar bill.

“We hope that, but the realization that there are challenges,” said Jennings.

The extension of tax credits for several years could be in an election year where the voters are high on the government deficit difficult.

Although Iowa has members of Congress, including Grassley, he has only five votes in the House.

When Clark asked why he was campaigning for ethanol in a state with some members of Congress, “he said.

“There is nothing more than talk the man into a state of agriculture, what they know best,” he said.

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Amanda Knox Faces 23rd Birthday in Italian jail

Jul 9, 2010 ecommerce2 | Uncategorized

Amanda Knox is his 23rd Birthday in an Italian prison celebrate with a birthday cake made by his cellmate and then later cooked, Crab Cakes on a stove in his cell.

His mother and sister with Knox Friday for his birthday, the third anniversary of the student from Seattle to spend in prison. There will be hugs and gifts, but not the gift she wants most.

“Amanda said,” I said, would go home to my birthday with a barbecue in the garden with the family, “the mother Edda Mellas ABC News.

Last December, Knox was sentenced to 26 years imprisonment for the murder of her roommate Meredith Kercher November 2007 British. His legal team is preparing an appeal to his conviction.

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‘Game-Changing “USDA report sets for maize huge rally, analysts say

Jul 7, 2010 ecommerce2 | Uncategorized

With the fall USDA acres of corn and U.S. stocks Wednesday, this is described as a “game-changer” on how trade is close to the corn market in the future, analysts said.

In its report Wednesday, the USDA reduced corn acreage from its March estimate of 88,798,000 to 87,872,000. In addition, U.S. inventories of corn in 2010 were estimated at 4.310 billion bushels, 300 million bushels less than the trade expected. Soybean acreage has been increased from 800 million acres, but stocks in hand, as of June 1, have been abandoned short of industry expectations.

Because of these adjustments in corn acreage, stocks of corn, soybeans and stocks, the market will jump higher. With many traders with short positions in these markets, having expected the market to continue to decline due to planting record high scoring and recording of crop conditions, the bullish report on Wednesday that just trade throw a curve ball.

Jim Bower, Bower Trading, Inc., said the trade took hold of herself. “Projecting a record harvest of June 30 is dangerous in a given year,” Bower said. “The market will now punish traders who hold positions that are short this market.”

A market reaction will be an extension of the old crop, new crop corn and soybean spreads. In addition, this report is fundamentally changing the inventories to the end of the supply and demand of the leaves, since the use of corn. “You’ll end up, if the current demand figures stand, with a very low number ending stocks,” said Greg Wagner, an independent analyst of commodities.

Wagner agrees, there are many traders who have been taken “out of position. “The Government’s report is fundamentally changing the way people will look at this market. The USDA has given us an optimistic report and now the market has a job to do to respond to that. For corn futures, we should return to $ 3.80 – price level of $ 3.90, in time. ”

In addition to this report, the corn market has a bucket of creation bullish factors, analysts said. “With the USDA lowering grain stocks, perhaps last year was overvalued? In addition, the quality of the crop last year affects stocks report optimistically, “said Wagner.

Wagner adds, “China continues to have problems of production, favorable price. The energy policy of the United States that would boost ethanol production is still” in play “. And there are “headwinds” from the reports of a weakening economy is a factor as well. ”

Keep grain low wait

With lots of time yet to come to the impact of culture, still questions about what the number of acres of soybeans will eventually be a suspect, crops from weather, farmers are encouraged to keep grain. “I would tell the farmers to keep the lock on the bin, saving money by not paying expensive commercial storage, and wait to see if the seasonal low,” said Bower.

Future

To stay abreast of how the bullish USDA report could affect future price of grain, Bower said there are many bullet points that farmers should pay attention to:

* Will this report affect the future reports of increased corn acreage and lower feed use because of increased opportunities dry distillers grains.
* Four of the last seven years have seen the development of wheat production in the June report to the final estimate.
* Hard red spring wheat temperatures should be monitored.
* What will be in September 2011 should consider the report of maize, such as inventory, given the high culture of the United States-assessments and ongoing issues with China, Canada, Australia and Russia cultures? This is a larger building demand for corn from the United States history.

Finally, as the area and the USDA stocks report is showing the world is a major crop failure away from being very short on supplies of corn, analysts said.

“In the past decade, global consumption of corn has increased 200 million metric tons. If we see a poor harvest, like 1988, you could see the rally wildest grain this country has ever seen,” said Bower . ‘The new golden yellow corn will be. “

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Volunteer corn plagues soybean fields

Jun 12, 2010 ecommerce2 | Uncategorized

　　Reminders of 2009′s challenging corn harvest are cropping up in soybean fields across Illinois. High densities of volunteer corn are requiring growers to take action with post-emergence herbicides.

　　Aaron Hager, University of Illinois Extension weed specialist, said the first step in selecting a herbicide to control volunteer corn is to determine the type of corn planted in 2009.

　　”Volunteer corn can be controlled with glyphosate or glufosinate unless it carries the traits conferring resistance to these herbicides,” Hager said. “If volunteer corn in 2010 originated from a herbicide-resistant hybrid planted in 2009, alternatives to glyphosate or glufosinate will be needed.”

　　Volunteer corn density also determines if additional management options are needed. Previous research shows that volunteer corn, growing in clumps or as individual plants, can reduce soybean yield. The higher the volunteer corn density and the longer the interference duration, the greater the soybean yield loss.

　　Hager said several post-emergence herbicides provide excellent control of volunteer glyphosate- or glufosinate-resistant corn. ACCase-inhibiting herbicides (such as clethodim, quizalofop, fluazifop and sethoxydim) provide broad-spectrum control of grasses and are frequently tank-mixed with glyphosate for control of volunteer glyphosate- or glufosinate-resistant corn. Other post-emergence herbicides that can control or suppress volunteer corn include glufosinate (Ignite), imazaquin (Scepter) or imazamox (Raptor).

　　”Instead of including a tank-mix partner with glyphosate during the initial post-emergence application, farmers often wait to see if additional volunteer corn emerges before treating,” Hager said. “While it’s understandable, the longer volunteer corn grows with soybean, the greater the likelihood of soybean yield loss. Growers will also have to use higher rates of ACCase-inhibiting herbicides to control larger volunteer corn.”

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Archive for the ‘Uncategorized’

list bak

Dhs Publishes Best Display Specifications – Flammable Chemical compounds

Experts engineer an orally Productive conotoxin

Dispersants Don’t Improve Toxicity Of Essential oil

Estrogen Throws Chilly Drinking water On Fish Courtship

Rain to stay in northern Corn Belt

The campaign for ethanol

Amanda Knox Faces 23rd Birthday in Italian jail

‘Game-Changing “USDA report sets for maize huge rally, analysts say

Volunteer corn plagues soybean fields

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